> (1) what range of stress can cause reliability issues in microelectronics > thin film ? Is 500 MPa in a 0.5 um thick metal thin film a lot of stress to > cause undesired failure ? Sorry, but the answer is not straight and easy. Roughly, <100Mpa is considered "low" , >1000MPa "high" stress. > (2) does compressive stress cause yielding like tensile stress does ? Depends on the material. In Aluminum, e.g., it leads to hillock growth. best regards, klaus -- Klaus Beschorner Metron Technology Europe, PVD (Eclipse) Process Manager Drosselweg 6,71120 Grafenau,Germany. Tel +49-7033-45683