Hi, Copper electroplating is controlled via Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping (CVS). An article by Intel, describes several equations, and applications of CVS to fine feature plating (down to sub-60nm features!!!) http://www.ecitechnology.com/articles /Charaterization_and_Control_of_Cu_Electroplating_Chemistries_for_On- chip_Metallization.pdf (be patient, 5MB file) If you have any other questions regarding plating, please let me know. GL, Ilan Gluzman -----Original Message----- From: shruthika prasanna [mailto:shruthika7@yahoo.co.in] Sent: Tuesday, September 07, 2004 3:04 AM To: mems-talk@memsnet.org Subject: [mems-talk] Non-cyanide Copper electroplating Hi All, I am looking for equations and formulae that can explain non-cyanide electroplating of copper. Can someone help with textbooks/papers/links for the same? Thank you in advance. Regards, Shruthika --------------------------------- Do you Yahoo!? Win 1 of 4,000 free domain names from Yahoo! Enter now.