Hi Scott, We are using the ASTM reference (ASTM F534 3.1.2) for the definition of measuring bow and warp on a wafer after backgrind. The ASTM document was originally written for bare wafers, not wafers after backgrind. Do you know of a standard document for bow and warp definitions for wafers after backgrind? We would especially be interested if there is any discussion of the surface reference plane established by three points equally spaced on a circle near the wafer edge. Our thought is that very thin wafers (50 micrometer) could easily move on these three points resulting in an measurement errors for the bow. Thanks for any information you could provide. Best regards, Tom Bristow Chapman Instruments -----Original Message----- From: smcwilliams@photodigm.com [mailto:smcwilliams@photodigm.com] Sent: Tuesday, May 23, 2006 9:43 AM To: mems-talk@memsnet.org Subject: RE: [mems-talk] stress induced by backgrinding Hi Cla, usually people measure stress by how much the substrate bows. We studied backgrinding stress by grinding to 80 microns thick and using a long scan profilometer scan to measure the bow. An inferometer can also be used. Scott -----Original Message----- From: cla rai [mailto:fromsingawithlove@yahoo.it] Sent: Tuesday, May 23, 2006 1:15 AM To: General MEMS discussion Subject: [mems-talk] stress induced by backgrinding hi!! i want to study the stressed induced by backgrinding in a silicon wafer..do somebody have an idea on how can i do that?