Dear Anurekha, Try this paper MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN FILMS WITH APPLICATION TO FERROELECTRICS, Thesis by Rongjing Zhang at: http://etd.caltech.edu/etd/available/etd-01312006-170959/unrestricted/ch3_fi nal_R.pdf. You can access the entire paper here http://etd.caltech.edu/etd/available/etd-01312006-170959/unrestricted/. David Grove Luxel Corp. www.luxel.com Those who cast the votes decide nothing; those who count the votes decide everything. Joseph Stalin -----Original Message----- From: mems-talk-bounces@memsnet.org [mailto:mems-talk-bounces@memsnet.org] On Behalf Of anu67@sancharnet.in Sent: Sunday, November 05, 2006 8:52 PM To: General MEMS discussion Subject: [mems-talk] Regarding residual stress Dear all I need to validate a model developed by me. The model gives the influence of residual stress on deflection and pull-in for a square diaphragm. I have found a lot of research papers giving the experimental data for beams but i couldn't get the ones for square diaphragm. If anyone could suggest me few research papers giving experimental results of bending of square diaphragm under influence of residual stress as well as pull-in voltage to or send pdf for the same, i shall be grateful