durusmail: mems-talk: silicon membranes
silicon membranes
2009-12-21
2009-12-21
2009-12-21
2009-12-21
silicon membranes
Albert Henning
2009-12-22
I have worked on membranes 10-100 um thick, KOH-etched mostly, 4.5 mm or so
square.

29 um is too thick for boron etch stop, via either diffusion or ion
implantation.

SOI is probably the best bet, even with the anticipated stress issue.  You could
actually compensate for the oxidation-related stresses, using appropriate
implantation, per Brian's description.  (B is tensile stress, As is compressive
stress, if the concentration is high enough.)  If, however, the stress is truly
a problem, then you need to use other means.

Timed etch gives good results, but be aware that if 29 um is your target
thickness, then you will end up with variation of thickness across the membrane
of 29 +/- 3 um or +/- 5 um, depending upon the quality of your starting
material, and the control of KOH stoichiometry and temperature during the etch.

I have heard that timed etch is much easier to control with EDP.  However, EDP
is very tough stuff to work with, from an MSDS perspective, and not everyone is
willing to take the risk.

I have also heard electrochemical etch of n-type doped silicon can be tightly
controlled.

---
Albert K. Henning, PhD
Director of MEMS Technology
NanoInk, Inc.
215 E. Hacienda Avenue
Campbell, CA  95008
408-379-9069  ext 101
ahenning@nanoink.net


-----Original Message-----
From: Brian Stahl [mailto:bstahl@mrl.ucsb.edu]
Sent: Monday, December 21, 2009 12:25 PM
To: General MEMS discussion
Subject: Re: [mems-talk] silicon membranes

Morten is right - heavily boron-doped silicon etches much slower than
undoped or lightly-doped silicon in anisotropic wet etchants like KOH and
TMAH, and makes a nice etch-stop.  There is a significant amount of
literature out there on this subject.  Keep in mind that because boron is a
substitutional impurity and has a smaller covalent radius than silicon,
boron doping creates a residual tensile stress in the silicon.

The more significant issue is creating an etch-stop at your target thickness
of 29µm.  I would say that thermally diffusing boron from a solid or gaseous
source would be prohibitively time consuming (email me if you'd like a
detailed explanation).  I can't speak to the feasibility of ion implantation
because I don't know what kind of penetration depths can be achieved with
ion beams.

I fabricated ~5um thick membranes as part of my MS thesis research.  I doped
one side of the wafer with boron to create an etch stop, and I measured the
etch progress by periodically removing the wafers from the etchant
(refluxing 25wt% TMAH @ 90°C) and measuring the etch depth with a stylus
profilometer.  This method, or something similar (without the etch-stop),
could work for your application provided that you know the initial thickness
of your wafer with an accuracy of +/- 1µm or so.  Please contact me if you'd
like to discuss this further.

Good luck,

--
Brian C. Stahl
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