Hello, everybody: I have two questions about TiNi thin films: 1. I sputter-deposited TiNi thin films onto Si substrates and anealed them at 550C for 30min, so when crystallization has finished but the temperature is still kept at 550C, how much would the residual stress between the SMA film and the substrate be? Should I suggest the stress be zero because of the crystal structure reconstruction? 2. If the maximum recoverable strain of a TiNi thin film is 1%, during the martensitic transformation, only 0.3% recoverable strain is induced by external stress,so when reverse martensitic transformation happens, should the 0.3% strain be recovered competely at the end of the reverse transformation or at the 30 percent of the whole reverse proceeding? Thanks a lot! Wang li 99-10-22 17:11:21 xingyie@21cn.com wl70633@mail1.sjtu.edu.cn