Which database tool is suitable for a particular project, what needs to be done to allow for new queries, and so on -- those are engineering problems whose solutions may be affected somewhat by the developer's preferences and prejudices after the requirements of the project are taken into account. The ZODB vs. RDBMS debate is interesting as a vehicle for educating everyone about the relative strengths and weaknesses of the two kinds of tools, so without taking any theological position one way or the other, I will just pitch in the following consideration: In a standalone application (e.g. a self-contained web site), you can pretty much do whatever works, and ZODB is certainly attractive as an option for many Python-based systems. In most applications that involve valuable data, it is a bottom-line requirement that other applications have access to the data. That is basically why databases were invented in the first place. In any environment where those other applications are not developed or controlled by Python programmers, it is going to be difficult to use ZODB as the main data storage, no matter how nice it might be. Jim Dukarm DELTA-X RESEARCH