On 20 November 2003, Michael Watkins said: > Python DBAPI is pretty low level, compared to what many Python - SQL > developers work with - prefering some sort of Object Relational mapping > such as Cucumber or ORM or others. And sometimes no RDBMS is involved at > all - i.e. the use of an object "database" such as ZODB. As a completely off-topic aside, I must strenuously object your use of quotation marks there -- it seems to me that you're implying either that object databases are not "real" databases, or that ZODB is not a "real" database. Au contraire, there's nothing particularly special about the relational model except that some database geeks in the 70s worked out a theoretical framework that means they can use Greek letters to prove theorems about databases. Good for them. In the real world, what people care about are the ACID properties: atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Expensive commercial relational databases (eg. Oracle, Sybase) generally provide all four properties, and free relational databases (eg. MySQL) often do not. There's nothing intrinsic to the object model that says object databases cannot provide all four properties; I believe that the expensive commercial object DBs (eg. Poet, Versant) do, and I know that ZODB does not. (It definitely provides atomicity and isolation through its transaction mechanism; durability is there, but based on the mailing list traffic I've seen, probably not 100% bug-free yet; consistency is what's missing, since ZODB does as much type-checking as Python does -- ie. none.) I'm with Jim Fulton in this one -- he habitually refers to relational databases as "stupidbases". ;-) Greg -- Greg Wardhttp://www.gerg.ca/ Everybody is going somewhere!! It's probably a garage sale or a disaster Movie!!